Modernization

Submarine Effectiveness and Sea Areas of Operations

INTRODUCTION A submarine is a hunter killer for as long as she can maintain her stealth. However, when HER PRESENCE in the immediate vicinity of the sea area is detected, then she looses her invincibility and the effective use of her weapons is denied. The submarine becomes the hunted. The exact coordinates or location of the submarine in terms of…


Information Technology Applications in the Maritime Industry

Ships have undergone many advancements in terms of design, materials, propulsion, and navigation systems. From the first ships that used muscle and wind power, to modern-day vessels that have efficient fuel and electrical systems; from wooden ships, to modern vessels made of steel and composite materials; from using star maps and astrolabes, to using GPS and computerized maps, shipping has…