Moving towards a low-emission global economy will create tens of millions of new ‘green jobs’ across sectors including shipping. The renewable energy industry alone is projected to generate 38.2 million jobs by 2030. The effects of the green transition on employment are also requiring workforces across multiple sectors to reskill and upskill. This, coupled with new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization, is leading to increased calls for investment in skills to ensure a thriving future workforce in 2030 and beyond.
Decarbonizing shipping will require new skills. Shipping’s green transition is no different. Currently accounting for 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, shipping’s decarbonization is expected to bring with it green job creation opportunities across new value chains, with 87% of the infrastructure projected to be land-based. According to the Africa Green Hydrogen Alliance, the production of green hydrogen –a fuel touted for zero emission shipping– could create 2 to 4 million green jobs by 2050 in member countries. There is also a significant need for skills development for green shipping. A seafarer currently trained in marine oil will require additional training as the industry transitions to future alternative fuel technologies, e.g., hydrogen, ammonia, and batteries. Meeting decarbonization goals, with fast-moving technological developments and ever-increasing smart ship technologies, reflects a general trend towards ‘higher-skilled’ seafarers and requires increased digital, science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM); safety and organizational skills to meet net zero emission demands.
Upskilling linked to speed of decarbonization. The speed and scale of upskilling the global maritime workforce is inevitably linked to the speed of its decarbonization. Within the spirit and framework of the Paris Agreement, there is still much to be decided in terms of global shipping’s low-carbon trajectory – but time is running out. Governments from the world over are set to meet once again at the United Nations’ shipping arm, the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Here they’ll debate and adopt a revised GHG Strategy –a document that likely commits the world to a more ambitious target for cutting shipping’s carbon and other climate change-producing emissions. Industry organizations and many member states are calling for total zero emissions by 2050 with strengthened 2030 and 2040 targets to align to the 1.5ºC of the Paris Agreement, reinforced at COP27 in Sharm-el-Sheikh. According to analysis commissioned by the Maritime Just Transition Task Force, this would represent a difference of training between 800,000 seafarers by the mid-2030s, in comparison to 350,000 seafarers by the end of the 2050s. This makes a stark difference in terms of training and skills development timelines.
Global policy coherence required at the IMO. The availability of skilled labor and the right education will be essential to shipping’s green transformation. However, coherence between skills and environmental policies remains weak and fragmented in many countries. This poor cross-governmental coordination is hampering the effectiveness of governments being able to successfully plan their green skills formation, let alone deliver. While responsibilities for climate change policies often rest solely on a country’s environmental ministry, ensuring a successful and just transition to a green economy which leaves no one behind must involve multiple governmental departments from labor and education to energy and trade. Poor cross-governmental coordination can hamper the effective planning of skills development and pose a bottleneck to the green transition. Luckily, shipping’s global training standard “STCW Convention” is due for a comprehensive update. In the IMO Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW), national delegates have met in London in February to start discussing what the review of the convention should entail, which skills will be required for the green transition, and wider trends impacting the industry. This represents a real opportunity for shipping to demonstrate a coherent policy approach between skills and environmental policies, and for national governments to ensure their workforces capitalize on green job opportunities in the maritime industry. If the environmental policy-makers agree on a more ambitious decarbonization trajectory in July at the Marine Environment Protection Committee meeting (MEPC 80), then national governments at IMO should fast-track the development of training standards for alternative fuels to ensure a training infrastructure is in place to train a sufficient number of seafarers by the 2030s.
National-level action needed for low-carbon shipping. National governments can also ensure better coordination between their own departments, ministries, agencies and authorities that are responsible for the policy levers that need to be engaged to prepare populations and infrastructure for shipping’s low-carbon future. Here, collaboration with industry, unions and training institutions will be critical. As advocated by the Maritime Just Transition Task Force, tripartite skills councils which effectively monitor and anticipate skills will be increasingly essential to match supply and demand. With the majority of about 2 million global seafarers coming from the Global South, crew-supply countries may need particular support during the transition, establishing national skills bodies.
In the Philippines –whose seafarers make up 14% of the global seafarer workforce– the government is already taking action to secure their nation’s place as a maritime leader of tomorrow through engaging with the Maritime Just Transition Task Force and a newly-established tripartite ‘International Advisory Committee on Global Maritime Affairs,’ which will contribute to the global competitiveness of Filipino seafarers and prepare them for decarbonization. This includes advising the government on training for green shipping. Indonesia is another major seafaring nation showing leadership, by collaborating with already-established skill councils to participate in knowledge-sharing on maritime education. Global shipping is leading the way in ensuring a just transition for seafarers by establishing the first-ever task force dedicated to supporting a workforce to adapt to decarbonization. Governments demonstrating a joint coordinated approach to skills development and climate change policy can be its next step.