Naval Warfare
Russia Launches Poseidon-Capable Belgorod Submarine
Russia’s Sevmash Shipyard launched the special-purpose submarine Belgorod (KS-139) at Severodvinsk in a restricted ceremony held on 23-April-2019. The Kremlin hid most of Belgorod from public view during the launch. Belgorod started construction in July 1992 and was initially to be part of the Project 949AM submarines, also known as the Oscar II-class guided missile submarine. In 2012, the decision…
Submarine Communications and Sensor Systems
INTRODUCTION This article is an attempt by the author to relate the basic concept of submarine design parameter with respect to operation and understanding how the submarine operates at the surface of the sea, below the surface of the sea, and at the bottom of the surface of the sea, in an upright position. A submarine operation consists of horizontal…
Submarine Design Envelope (Diesel Electric and Nuclear)
INTRODUCTION This article provides summaries of operational limitations of a submarine, as well as basic mechanics about how a submarine operates at the surface, underwater, between the sea surface and bottom of the seabed, and how to float back to the surface. Below are the cycles showing how a submarine operates, as illustrated in Fig. 1. To prove how this…
Circular of Requirements and Technical Evaluation Parameters for Acquisition of Frigates
INTRODUCTION. The Philippine National Defense has signed a contract with Hyundai of South Korea for the construction of two units of Incheon Class Frigate last 24-October-2016 at the cost of USD 337M to modernize the capability of surface combatants of the Philippine Navy. WHY A FRIGATE? A frigate represents lower investment in terms of cost and displacement compared with a…