INTRODUCTION This article is a review notes in naval architecture and marine engineering simplified in outline form for quick reference how the forces of nature interact against a ship’s speed of advance at sea while underway. SHIP HUSBANDRY Hull Cleaning Program – a clean hull of the ship below the waterline makes a ship travel faster, uses less fuel and…
INTRODUCTION This article is a product of research work that will differentiate the function of the Army Combat Engineer Brigade from the Navy Amphibious Construction Brigade of the SEABEES. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Army Combat Engineer A sapper, in the sense first used by the French military, was one who dug trenches to allow besieging forces to advance towards the enemy defensive…
INTRODUCTION A Navy ship is a National Defense Security Investment. It is always out of sight to those who truly understand operation and maintenance. It is a hidden cost in the Integrated Logistics Support System (ILSS) and midlife refit. It is now time to start caring, saving money, and extending the useful life of a naval surface vessel and are…
INTRODUCTION. This article is a product of research by the author on three types of hulls mainly used in the design of fast patrol boats, frigates, and transport vessels of the Navy. Three Types of Hull Planning Hull – designed for motor torpedo boats that typically have a displacement of about 250 tons with a deep V midship section in…
INTRODUCTION This article features some details for discussion on how to determine the design a fighting ship capable for credible defense during high intensity conflict at the contested sea areas of our territorial seas. The foregoing explains how fighting credibility and combat reputation can be achieved by a warship by evaluating and using certain tools of information whether the ship…
INTRODUCTION This article is a research paper on the variant ship design of an amphibious landing support vessel of a navy in support of marine landing operation on a hostile shore. Various ship designs were considered of this type of vessel to show the development from the old LST model to a modern Amphibious Landing Dock vessel. The following narratives…
INTRODUCTION This article is a research paper titled “How A Navy Should Decide To Acquire to Buy the First Diesel Electric Submarine” with confidence. If and when the government so decides to acquire the first diesel electric submarine with Air Independent Power (AIP), a NAVY should be prepared and capable to support such a decision. Some of the information are…
INTRODUCTION From 7 January to 9-April-1942, the Battle of Bataan was fought by the Fil-Am troops of the United States Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE). Said battle displayed the courage and gallantry of the Filipino from all walks of life to preserve the democratic way of life and freedom of free loving people of the world at the…
INTRODUCTION This article is a detailed overview on how the propulsion system of 44M Multi-Role Response Vessel of the Philippine Coast Guard PMS can be achieved. The existing propulsion system of said ten units 44M MRRV is MTU Model 12V 4000 series M93L which can be maintained effectively using the following step by step PMS procedures: Understanding the engine performance…
INTRODUCTION This article is a research on sea state conditions and the Beaufort scale –how sea state conditions can affect ship operation at sea and how the Beaufort scale can be a tool of information to define the characteristics of waves and its effects on ship navigation. WAVE GEOMETRY The forces generated by ocean waves are among the most powerful…
INTRODUCTION This article emphasizes the dangers of operating a submarine short of maturity in a NAVY. They face threats and dangers of deep water that needs to be understood by a NAVY aspiring to fulfill the dreams of acquiring a submarine warfare capability for the defense of their country in territorial seas. This article is not to discouraged the NAVY,…
INTRODUCTION. In 1992, the naval facilities in the provinces of Cebu and Guimaras were built by the Philippine Navy through the vision and effort of a senior naval officer, Rear Admiral Edgardo B Gallos AFP (Ret), whose heart and mind had dedicated his life and honor in the service of the Philippine Navy. As a young senior Naval Captain and…
Introduction. The Diesel Electric Submarine was considered as a principal weapons system of naval warfare, especially in littoral waters. Submarine designers and builders focused their design in making them capable to operate, run silent and run deep, with increasing underwater endurance. Diesel Electric Submarines need to surface and link to the atmospheric oxygen to supply air for the generators to…
History The Hamilton WHEC was constructed beginning in the 1960s, and they were intended to fulfill both Coast Guard peacetime and wartime requirements, and serve alongside the Navy. During the Vietnam War, several types of vessels supported the “Operation Market Time,” provided patrol duties, boarding and inspection of North Vietnamese vessels and boats, conducted naval gunfire support, missions, and medical…
INTRODUCTION This article attempts to describe the difference between the two (2) submarine battlespaces in the littoral zone and open ocean for diesel electric submarines and nuclear attack submarines, and the inherent environmental factors in an arena of underwater warfare for type submarine that can be exploited to one’s own advantage by cognizant naval commanders. This research work by the…
INTRODUCTION This article is a part II of my previous publication, “Wave Dynamics Retain Dolomite Sand Pebbles Intact at the Beachfront along Manila Bay,” in the Maritime Review’s Nov–Dec 2020 issue. In addition to that previous article, this topic presents the real time wave system along Roxas Blvd., Manila Bay, explaining my analogy by illustration and definition, the physical behavior…
INTRODUCTION Warship design originates from the following order of priority: Doctrine development in regard to the manner in which the Navy will address the strategic concepts of responding against the challenges of threat. The Naval Staff & Circular of Requirements are parameters desired by the Navy in the development and design that will lead to shape the performance and capabilities…
A Naval Architect derives the hydrostatic curves of a ship from the lines drawing designs. The hydrostatic curve is a calculation of the underwater volume of the hull that supports buoyancy so the ship can float freely on the surface of the water. The immersed underwater volume of the hull of the ship displaces a volume of water in cubic…
INTRODUCTION This article was derived from the World Meteorological Organization Wave Statistics on various sea areas within Philippine Maritime Jurisdiction. It provides information on prevailing sea state conditions that can serve as valuable tools of information for naval operation of surface ships and submarines. Philippine Sea Areas of Responsibility Wave Environment The Philippines lies on the boundary between “Global Wave…
INTRODUCTION This article is an attempt by the author to relate the basic concept of submarine design parameter with respect to operation and understanding how the submarine operates at the surface of the sea, below the surface of the sea, and at the bottom of the surface of the sea, in an upright position. A submarine operation consists of horizontal…
INTRODUCTION This article provides summaries of operational limitations of a submarine, as well as basic mechanics about how a submarine operates at the surface, underwater, between the sea surface and bottom of the seabed, and how to float back to the surface. Below are the cycles showing how a submarine operates, as illustrated in Fig. 1. To prove how this…
INTRODUCTION The atmospheric characteristics inside the submarine are importantly equal to the submarine’s major ship systems such as propulsions, navigations and sensors, weapons, auxiliaries, etc. A need to ensure an efficient and reliable health and safety of the submarine’s complements and ship machineries from atmospheric pollutants is definitely a must. To achieve and maintain this goal, an atmospheric control system…
INTRODUCTION This Article is a product of the research work conducted by the author to highlight the list and circumstances behind various events of submarine losses that happened during peacetime from CY2000 to CY2017. During this period, it is noted that submarine disasters and accidents occurred to navies of countries that are considered to have seapower and long experience over…
INTRODUCTION A submarine is a hunter killer for as long as she can maintain her stealth. However, when HER PRESENCE in the immediate vicinity of the sea area is detected, then she looses her invincibility and the effective use of her weapons is denied. The submarine becomes the hunted. The exact coordinates or location of the submarine in terms of…
INTRODUCTION Stealth is the main reason for acquiring a submarine. Submarine-warfare is governed by avoiding being detected underwater by controlled sound propagation and crew activities on-board. Submarine invincibility is lost and the effective use of her weapon system would be denied once her presence underwater is detected. The submarine is a sitting duck because her location, rate of motion, and…